SGI Freeware 1999 August/SGI Freeware 1999 August.iso/dist/fw_ghostscript.idb/usr/freeware/catman/u_man/cat1/gs.Z/gs

Text File | 1998-05-21 | 15.4 KB | 397 lines

     GGGGSSSS((((1111))))           UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((22228888 JJJJuuuullllyyyy 1111999999994444))))         GGGGSSSS((((1111))))



     NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
      gs - Aladdin Ghostscript version 3.0 interpreter/previewer

     SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
      ggggssss [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _f_i_l_e_s ] ...

     DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
      Ghostscript is a programming language    similar    to Adobe
      Systems' PostScript (tm) language, which is in turn similar
      to Forth.  _G_s    reads _f_i_l_e_s in sequence    and executes them as
      Ghostscript programs.     After doing this, it reads further
      input    from the standard input    stream (normally the
      keyboard).  Each line    is interpreted separately.  To exit
      from the interpreter,    enter the `quit' command.  The
      interpreter also exits gracefully if it encounters end-of-
      file.     Typing    the interrupt character    (e.g. Control-C) is
      also safe.

      The interpreter recognizes several switches described    below,
      which    may appear anywhere in the command line    and apply to
      all files thereafter.

      You can get a    help message by    invoking Ghostscript with the
      ----hhhh or    ----???? option.  This message also lists the    available
      devices.

      Ghostscript may be built with    multiple output    devices.
      Ghostscript normally opens the first one and directs output
      to it.  To use device    xyz as the initial output device,
      include the switch
           -sDEVICE=xyz
      in the command line.    Note that this switch must precede the
      first    .ps file, and only its first invocation    has any
      effect.  For example,    for printer output in a    normal
      configuration    that includes an Epson printer driver, you
      might    use the    shell command
           gs -sDEVICE=epson myfile.ps
      instead of just
           gs myfile.ps
      Alternatively, you can type
           (epson) selectdevice
           (myfile.ps) run
      All output then goes to the printer instead of the display
      until    further    notice.     You can switch    devices    at any time by
      using    the selectdevice procedure, e.g.,
           (vga) selectdevice
      or
           (epson) selectdevice
      As yet a third alternative, you can define an    environment
      variable GS_DEVICE as    the desired default device name.  The
      order    of precedence for these    alternatives, highest to
      lowest, is:



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           selectdevice
           (command    line)
           GS_DEVICE
           (first device in    build list)

      To select the    density    on a printer, use
           gs -sDEVICE=<device> -r<xres>x<yres>
      For example, on a 9-pin Epson-compatible printer, you    can
      get the lowest-density (fastest) mode    with
           gs -sDEVICE=epson -r60x72
      and the highest-density mode with
           gs -sDEVICE=epson -r240x72.

      If you select    a printer as the output    device,    Ghostscript
      also allows you to control where the device sends its
      output.  Normally, output goes directly to a scratch file on
      Unix systems.     To send the output to a series    of files
      foo1.xyz, foo2.xyz, ..., use the switch
           -sOutputFile=foo%d.xyz
      The %d is a printf format specification; you can use other
      formats like %02d.  Each file    will receive one page of
      output.  Alternatively, to send the output to    a single file
      foo.xyz, with    all the    pages concatenated, use    the switch
           -sOutputFile=foo.xyz

      On Unix systems, you can send    the output directly to a pipe.
      For example, to pipe the output to the command `lpr' (which,
      on many Unix systems,    is the command that spools output for
      a printer), use the switch
           -sOutputFile=\|lpr
      You can also send output to stdout for piping    with the
      switch
           -sOutputFile=-
      In this case you must    also use the -q    switch,    to prevent
      Ghostscript from writing messages to stdout.

      To find out what devices are available, type
           devicenames ==
      after    starting up Ghostscript.  Alternatively, you can use
      the -h or -? switch in the command line; the help message
      also lists the available devices.

      To select a different    paper size, use    the command line
      switch
          -sPAPERSIZE=a_known_paper_size
      e.g.,
          -sPAPERSIZE=a4
      or
          -sPAPERSIZE=legal

     IIIINNNNIIIITTTTIIIIAAAALLLLIIIIZZZZAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
      When looking for the initialization files (gs_*.ps), the



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      files    related    to fonts, or the file for the `run' operator,
      Ghostscript first tries opening the file with    the name as
      given    (i.e., using the current working directory if none is
      specified).  If this fails, and the file name    doesn't
      specify an explicit directory    or drive (i.e.,    doesn't    begin
      with `/' on Unix systems), Ghostscript will try directories
      in the following order:

      1.   The directory/ies specified by the -I switch(es)    in the
           command line (see below), if any;

      2.   The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB environment
           variable, if any;

      3.   The directory/ies specified by the GS_LIB_DEFAULT macro
           in the Ghostscript makefile (which has been set to
           "/usr/local/lib/ghostscript:/usr/local/lib/ghostscript/fonts").

      Each of these    (GS_LIB_DEFAULT, GS_LIB, and -I    parameter) may
      be either a single directory,    or a list of directories
      separated by a `:'.

     XXXX RRRREEEESSSSOOOOUUUURRRRCCCCEEEESSSS
      Ghostscript looks for    the following resources    under the
      program name `Ghostscript':

      bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrWWWWiiiiddddtttthhhh
           The border width    in pixels (default = 1).

      bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr
           The name    of the border color (default = black).

      ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy
           The window size and placement, WxH+X+Y (default is
           NULL).

      xxxxRRRReeeessssoooolllluuuuttttiiiioooonnnn
           The number of x pixels per inch (default    is computed
           from WidthOfScreen and WidthMMOfScreen).

      yyyyRRRReeeessssoooolllluuuuttttiiiioooonnnn
           The number of y pixels per inch (default    is computed
           from HeightOfScreen and HeightMMOfScreen).

      uuuusssseeeeBBBBaaaacccckkkkiiiinnnnggggPPPPiiiixxxxmmmmaaaapppp
           Determines whether backing store    is to be used for
           saving display window (default =    true).

      See the file `use.doc' for a more complete list of
      resources.

      To set these resources, put them in a    file (such as



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      ~/.Xresources) in the    following form:

           Ghostscript*geometry:    612x792-0+0
           Ghostscript*xResolution:    72
           Ghostscript*yResolution:    72

      Then load the    defaults into the X server:

           % xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources

     OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
      -------- _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e _a_r_g_1 ...
           Takes the next argument as a file name as usual,    but
           takes all remaining arguments (even if they have    the
           syntactic form of switches) and defines the name
           ARGUMENTS in userdict (not systemdict) as an array of
           those strings, _b_e_f_o_r_e running the file.    When
           Ghostscript finishes executing the file,    it exits back
           to the shell.

      ----DDDD_n_a_m_e====_t_o_k_e_n
      ----dddd_n_a_m_e====_t_o_k_e_n
           Define a    name in    systemdict with    the given definition.
           The token must be exactly one token (as defined by the
           `token' operator) and must not contain any whitespace.

      ----DDDD_n_a_m_e
      ----dddd_n_a_m_e
           Define a    name in    systemdict with    value=null.

      ----SSSS_n_a_m_e====_s_t_r_i_n_g
      ----ssss_n_a_m_e====_s_t_r_i_n_g
           Define a    name in    systemdict with    a given    string as
           value.  This is different from -d.  For example,
           -dname=35 is equivalent to the program fragment
                  /name 35 def
           whereas -s name=35 is equivalent    to
                  /name (35) def

      ----qqqq   Quiet startup - suppress    normal startup messages, and
           also do the equivalent of -dQUIET.

      ----gggg_n_u_m_b_e_r_1xxxx_n_u_m_b_e_r_2
           Equivalent to ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEWWWWIIIIDDDDTTTTHHHH====_n_u_m_b_e_r_1 and
           ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEHHHHEEEEIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT====_n_u_m_b_e_r_2....    This is    for the    benefit    of
           devices (such as    X11 windows) that require (or allow)
           width and height    to be specified.

      ----rrrr_n_u_m_b_e_r
      ----rrrr_n_u_m_b_e_r_1xxxx_n_u_m_b_e_r_2
           Equivalent to ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEXXXXRRRREEEESSSSOOOOLLLLUUUUTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN====_n_u_m_b_e_r_1 and
           ----ddddDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEEYYYYRRRREEEESSSSOOOOLLLLUUUUTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN====_n_u_m_b_e_r_2....  This is for the benefit



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           of devices (such    as printers) that support multiple X
           and Y resolutions.  (If only one    number is given, it is
           used for    both X and Y resolutions.)

      ----IIII_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s
           Adds the    designated list    of directories at the head of
           the search path for library files.

      ----    This is not really a switch.  It    indicates to
           Ghostscript that    the standard input is coming from a
           file or a pipe.    Ghostscript reads from stdin until
           reaching    end-of-file, executing it like any other file,
           and then    continues processing the command line.    At the
           end of the command line,    Ghostscript exits rather than
           going into its interactive mode.

      Note that gs_init.ps makes systemdict    read-only, so the
      values of names defined with -D/d/S/s    cannot be changed
      (although, of    course,    they can be superseded by definitions
      in userdict or other dictionaries.)

     SSSSPPPPEEEECCCCIIIIAAAALLLL NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEESSSS
      ----ddddDDDDIIIISSSSKKKKFFFFOOOONNNNTTTTSSSS
           Causes individual character outlines to be loaded from
           the disk    the first time they are    encountered.
           (Normally Ghostscript loads all the character outlines
           when it loads a font.)  This may    allow loading more
           fonts into RAM, at the expense of slower    rendering.

      ----ddddNNNNOOOOCCCCAAAACCCCHHHHEEEE
           Disables    character caching.  Only useful    for debugging.

      ----ddddNNNNOOOOBBBBIIIINNNNDDDD
           Disables    the `bind' operator.  Only useful for
           debugging.

      ----ddddNNNNOOOODDDDIIIISSSSPPPPLLLLAAAAYYYY
           Suppresses the normal initialization of the output
           device.    This may be useful when    debugging.

      ----ddddNNNNOOOOPPPPAAAAUUUUSSSSEEEE
           Disables    the prompt and pause at    the end    of each    page.
           This may    be desirable for applications where another
           program is `driving' Ghostscript.

      ----ddddNNNNOOOOPPPPLLLLAAAATTTTFFFFOOOONNNNTTTTSSSS
           Disables    the use    of fonts supplied by the underlying
           platform    (e.g. X    Windows).  This    may be needed if the
           platform    fonts look undesirably different from the
           scalable    fonts.

      ----ddddSSSSAAAAFFFFEEEERRRR



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           Disables    the deletefile and renamefile operators, and
           the ability to open files in any    mode other than    read-
           only.  This may be desirable for    spoolers or other
           sensitive environments.

      ----ddddWWWWRRRRIIIITTTTEEEESSSSYYYYSSSSTTTTEEEEMMMMDDDDIIIICCCCTTTT
           Leaves systemdict writable.  This is necessary when
           running special utility programs    such as    font2c and
           pcharstr, which must bypass normal PostScript access
           protection.

      ----ssssDDDDEEEEVVVVIIIICCCCEEEE====_d_e_v_i_c_e
           Selects an alternate initial output device, as
           described above.

      ----ssssOOOOuuuuttttppppuuuuttttFFFFiiiilllleeee====_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
           Selects an alternate output file    (or pipe) for the
           initial output device, as described above.

     FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
      ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////****
           Startup-files, utilities, and basic font    definitions.

      ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////ffffoooonnnnttttssss////****
           Additional font definitions.

      ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////eeeexxxxaaaammmmpppplllleeeessss////****
           Demo Ghostscript    files.

      ////uuuussssrrrr////llllooooccccaaaallll////lllliiiibbbb////ddddoooocccc////gggghhhhoooossssttttssssccccrrrriiiipppptttt////ddddoooocccc////****
           Assorted    document files.

     SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
      The various Ghostscript document files (above).

     BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
      See the network news group `comp.lang.postscript'.


















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